Tooling Services for CNC Machining: Things You May Want to Know

In the manufacturing industry, CNC machining is an efficient and precise process that is widely used in the production of various parts. From automotive parts to medical devices, CNC machining has a wide range of applications. However, for many businesses or individuals who need CNC machining services, one of the most concerned issues is: how much does it cost to CNC machine a part? This article will take a deep look at the various factors that affect the cost of CNC machining and provide some references for cost estimation.

1. Material cost



Materials are one of the main factors that affect CNC machining costs. The prices of different materials vary greatly. Commonly used materials include aluminum, steel, stainless steel, brass, and plastic. However, among these materials, precious metals and special alloys are more expensive. For example, the price of aluminum is relatively low, while titanium alloy is much more expensive.



2. Processing complexity



The complexity of a part's design directly affects the cost of machining. Complex geometries, fine details, and high precision all require more programming time and more complex machining processes. For example, the machining cost of a simple cylindrical part is much lower than a part with complex surfaces and internal structures. In addition, complex parts often require multiple clamping and positioning, which increases machining time and labor costs. So a lot of times when you make small changes to your design, it doesn't reduce the cost. As long as there are changes, there will be costs.



3. Quantity



The number of parts processed is also a key factor in determining costs. Generally speaking, the cost per part of a large-scale production is lower than that of a small-scale production. The reason is that the fixed costs of programming, setting up and debugging required for production can be amortized on each product. If thousands or tens of thousands of parts are processed at a time, the unit cost will be significantly reduced. On the contrary, small-scale production of a single part will be more expensive. Usually, we all know that there will be additional charges for custom colors. But the cost of 50 pieces in 5 colors will be much more expensive than 50 pieces in one color. In this case, if the total quantity of 5 colors is increased. For example, for 500 pieces of 5 colors, you will find that the price will be much lower, and there will not even be any additional charges.



4. Machine tools and tools



Different CNC machines and cutting tools affect the cost of machining. High-end five-axis CNC machines can process complex parts, but the cost will be higher than three-axis machines. In addition, if the design is more complex, it will require customized specific cutting tools or special processing, which will also increase the cost. Cutting tool wear and replacement frequency are also factors, as they will affect machining efficiency and quality.



5. Labor costs



CNC machining requires experienced technicians for programming, operation and quality inspection. Complex parts require longer programming and debugging, which further increases labor costs.



6. Other costs



Other costs include final processing (such as surface treatment, heat treatment), packaging, logistics and transportation. Some parts need to be heat treated or surface coated after processing to improve performance and durability, and these steps will increase the overall cost. In addition, the customization of packaging, logistics and transportation costs also need to be considered, especially for large or heavy parts. You may wonder about the cost of packaging, but it is an unavoidable cost. After your product is surface treated, in order to prevent your products from rubbing against each other during transportation, we will pack the products one by one. In another case, when your product is more precise, in order to prevent damage during transportation, it will be packed in wooden boxes or pallets.



In summary, there are many factors that affect the cost of CNC machining, but as a rule of thumb, the average hourly cost is roughly between $50 and $200, depending on the factors listed above.But all of this will be dispensable costs when the order quantity is relatively large.

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Before we discuss what materials cannot be CNC machined, we first need to understand the principles and limitations of CNC machining, and then see what materials are not suitable for CNC machining. CNC machining has become one of the core technologies of modern manufacturing due to its high precision, high efficiency and wide applicability. However, not all materials are suitable for machining by conventional CNC processes. The physical or chemical properties of some materials can cause excessive tool wear, poor machining quality, and even damage to machine tools. This article will explore which materials are difficult or impossible to use CNC machining, and analyze the reasons behind it and possible alternatives.CNC machining is usually achieved by cutting materials with tools, which mainly depends on two factors. One is the hardness of the tool. The tool must be harder than the material being machined, otherwise it will wear out quickly. The second is material stability: the material must have a certain strength to avoid deformation or fragmentation due to cutting force. If the material cannot meet the above conditions, conventional CNC machining will be difficult to carry out.1. Superhard materials:Typical materials: natural diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN)Processing difficulties: The hardness of diamond is as high as Mohs 10, and CBN is close to 9, which is much higher than conventional carbide tools (hardness is about 8-9). The tool will quickly become blunt or even break during cutting.Alternative solutions:Use electrical discharge machining (EDM) or laser cutting to remove materials using heat or discharge principles.2. Highly brittle materialsTypical materials: ordinary glass, unsintered ceramics, high-purity graphiteProcessing difficulties:The material is prone to breakage during cutting, and burrs or cracks are generated on the edges, making it difficult to ensure accuracy. For example, glass may shatter instantly under tool pressure.Alternative solutions:Use grinding technology (such as precision grinders) or water jet cutting to reduce direct impact.3. Highly viscous or soft materialsTypical materials: rubber, silicone, soft plastics (such as PE, PU)Processing difficulties:The material is highly elastic, and the tool is prone to "pulling" rather than cutting, resulting in deformation or rough surface. Soft plastics may also melt due to frictional heat and stick to the tool.Alternatives:Freeze curing: Processing after hardening the material at low temperature (such as cooling rubber with liquid nitrogen).Use high-speed spindles (above 20,000 RPM) to reduce heat accumulation.4. High-temperature sensitive materialsTypical materials: lead, tin, PVC plasticsDifficulties in processing:Low-melting-point metals (such as tin melting point 232°C) are easy to soften and stick to the tool during high-speed cutting; PVC releases toxic chlorine gas at high temperatures, which endangers operators.Alternatives:Control cutting temperature (such as using coolant), or use 3D printing or injection molding instead.5. Heterogeneous composite materialsTypical materials: Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials (CFRP), glass fiberDifficulties in processing:Material anisotropy leads to uneven cutting force and extremely fast tool wear; carbon fiber may also delaminate, affecting structural strength.Alternatives:Use diamond-coated tools and optimize cutting parameters (low feed, high speed).It is worth noting that although many materials are difficult to process with conventional CNC, they are not absolutely "unprocessable". The following methods can be used to break through the limitations:Special tools: such as polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools for processing carbon fiber.Process improvement: combined with cooling technology (such as cryogenic processing), vibration suppression, etc.Hybrid process: CNC rough processing first, then EDM or laser finishing.For example, although nickel-based high-temperature alloys (such as Inconel) have extremely short tool life due to high strength and high thermal conductivity, they can still be processed with special ceramic tools and extremely low feed speeds, but the cost is extremely high. ConclusionAlthough CNC processing is powerful, its limitations also remind us that material properties and processing technology need to be highly matched. When facing special materials, engineers need to comprehensively consider cost, efficiency and quality, and flexibly choose traditional cutting, special processing or additive manufacturing solutions. In the future, with the development of technologies such as superhard tools and intelligent cooling systems, the boundaries of CNC may be further broadened, but "applying technology according to materials" will always be the core logic of the manufacturing industry.

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EDM machine tools: the "invisible engraver" of precision machining



In modern manufacturing, the ability of precision machining technology to form complex parts directly affects the performance and quality of products. As a non-contact special machining technology, electrical discharge machining (EDM) has become an "invisible engraver" for high-hardness materials and complex geometric parts by virtue of its unique machining principle. This article will analyze the technical principles, core advantages and applicable scenarios of EDM, and compare it with traditional CNC machining to help you understand its key role in industry.

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Processing principles and core features of EDM machine tools

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The EDM machine tool generates instantaneous high temperature (up to 8000-12000℃) through high-frequency pulse discharge between the electrode and the workpiece, causing the metal material on the surface of the workpiece to partially melt and vaporize, and gradually eroding the material. The entire process does not require physical contact, so it is not limited by the hardness of the material and can achieve micron-level precision. EDM machine tools can process high-hardness conductive materials such as hardened steel, cemented carbide, and titanium alloy. And through electrode shape replication or wire cutting path control, complex structures such as deep grooves, micropores, and special-shaped cavities can be processed, and fine structures that CNC processing cannot perform can be processed. The EMD processing process has no mechanical cutting force, avoids deformation of the workpiece, and is especially suitable for thin-walled and fine parts. At the same time, EDM processing can achieve mirror effects or specific roughness requirements by adjusting the discharge parameters.

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Typical application scenarios of EDM

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1. Mold manufacturing fieldInjection molds and die-casting molds: Processing complex cavities such as deep cavities, narrow slits, and sharp corners to solve the interference problem of traditional CNC tools.Precision stamping molds: Directly process cutting edges and gaps with micron-level precision on hardened mold steel.2. Aerospace and medical equipmentEngine blade film cooling holes, fuel nozzle micropores (aperture can be as small as 0.1mm).Titanium alloy precision parts of surgical instruments (such as porous structures of orthopedic implants).3. Superhard material processingSpecial-shaped cutting edges of cemented carbide tools, precision slotting of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools.

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Comparison and selection between EDM and CNC machine tools

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Processing method
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EDM Machine Tools
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CNC Machine Tools
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Processing principle
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Spark erosion (non-contact)
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Mechanical cutting (contact type)
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Applicable Materials
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Conductive material (hardness not limited)
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Conductive material (hardness not limited)
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Processing efficiency
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Slow (low material removal rate)
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Fast (suitable for large quantities)
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Processing accuracy
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Within ±1μm (precision grade)
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±5-10μm (normal)
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Surface quality
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No knife marks, but remelting layer may occur
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Direct cutting surface formation
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Typical costs
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Electrode design and loss costs are high
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Tool cost is low, but depends on material machinability




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Therefore, when the material used in your product is extremely hard, or the structure is complex and precise, or the thickness is extremely thin, or it is very fine, EDM processing is a good choice.



conclusion



EDM machine tools are not a substitute for CNC, but a "complementer" in the field of precision manufacturing. When dealing with high-hardness materials, complex microstructures, and zero-deformation processing requirements, EDM shows irreplaceable advantages. Engineers need to flexibly choose between the two technologies based on material properties, part geometry complexity, and cost budget to achieve the best balance between efficiency and precision.

In the manufacturing world, CNC machining has become a cornerstone for producing precision parts—from auto components to aerospace components—thanks to its unmatched accuracy and efficiency. If you’re considering CNC machining for your project, one question likely tops your list: How much does it cost to machine a part with CNC?The truth is, there’s no one-size-fits-all answer. CNC machining costs depend on a mix of factors, from the materials you use to the complexity of the part. Below, we’ll break down these factors, explain how costs are calculated, and share tips to keep your expenses in check. Let’s dive in.

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Key Factors That Influence CNC Machining Costs



Material CostsThe type of material you choose is one of the biggest cost drivers. Common metals like aluminum, copper, and steel are budget-friendly, with prices often ranging from tens of yuan per kilogram. On the other hand, high-performance materials—such as titanium alloys (used in aerospace) or specialty alloys—are far pricier. For example, aviation-grade titanium can cost thousands of yuan per kilogram, due to its scarcity, difficult refining process, and tough machining properties. Material specifications also matter. Higher-quality, precision-grade materials (with tighter tolerances or better surface finishes) will cost more than standard grades, as they meet stricter industry standards.

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Part ComplexityA part’s shape and structure directly impact how much time and effort go into machining it—and thus, the cost.● Simple parts: Basic shapes like cubes, cylinders, or flat plates are easy to machine. They require fewer tool changes, simpler programming, and minimal setup, keeping costs low. A simple aluminum cylinder, for instance, might cost just 1.5 USD.The following example is a project we processed, which is a component of the gear lever for racing cars.

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● Complex parts: Parts with intricate curves, irregular shapes, tiny features (like micro-holes), or internal channels are far more challenging. They need advanced programming to map tool paths, multiple setups (to reach all angles), and sometimes specialized tools. For example, an aircraft engine blade—with its complex, aerodynamic curves—can cost hundreds of dollars or more to machine.The picture below is a project we processed, which is an aluminum automobile intake manifold.

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Precision Requirements



Tighter tolerances and smoother surface finishes mean higher costs.● Standard precision: Most everyday mechanical parts need tolerances around ±0.1mm. These are straightforward to achieve with basic CNC equipment, so costs stay reasonable.● High precision: Parts for medical devices or aerospace often require tolerances as tight as ±0.01mm (or even less). To hit these targets, manufacturers must use high-end, ultra-precise machines, run multiple finishing passes, and conduct rigorous quality checks—all of which add time and expense.

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Production Volume



How many parts you need affects the cost per unit.CNC machining has “fixed costs” upfront: programming the machine, setting up tools, and debugging. For small batches (e.g., 1–10 parts), these fixed costs get spread across fewer units, making each part more expensive. For example, 1 custom part might cost 15 USD.But with larger volumes (e.g., 100+ parts), those fixed costs are divided among more units, driving down the per-piece price. That same part could drop to 8 USD each when produced in bulk.



Machinery and Technology



Not all CNC machines are created equal—and their costs reflect that.● 3-axis machines: These handle flat or simple 3D parts (like plates or blocks) and are affordable, with hourly rates often between 100–300 yuan.● 4-axis or 5-axis machines: These tackle complex, multi-angle parts (like turbine blades) but are pricier to buy and operate. Hourly rates for 5-axis machines can range from 500–1000 yuan or more.Processing techniques also matter. Milling, turning, and drilling are standard (and cheaper), while specialized methods like EDM (electrical discharge machining) or grinding cost more due to unique equipment and longer processing times.The following pictures are the 5-axis machines and EDM machines in our factory.

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How CNC Machining Costs Are Calculated



Manufacturers use three main pricing models, depending on your project’s needs:



▶ Hourly Billing This is common for projects with hard-to-estimate timelines (e.g., one-off complex parts). The formula is simple:Total cost = Processing time × Hourly rateThe hourly rate covers everything: machine depreciation, energy use, labor, and overhead. As noted earlier, rates vary by machine type—3-axis machines are cheaper than 5-axis ones.

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▶ Per-Piece Billing Ideal for mass production (e.g., 1000+ identical parts) where processing time and complexity are consistent. The per-piece price includes: ● Material costs● Machining time● Tool/equipment wear● A small profit margin For example, a simple plastic bracket might cost a few yuan per piece, while a complex metal gear could cost hundreds.
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▶ Comprehensive Billing Best for mixed projects (e.g., multiple part types) or long-term partnerships. This model combines material costs, processing time, complexity, and volume to create a custom quote. For instance, an order with 5 different parts would have each part’s costs calculated individually, then adjusted based on total volume and project difficulty.


Tips to Reduce CNC Machining Costs



Want to keep costs low without sacrificing quality? Try these strategies:



1. Optimize Your Part Design Simplify shapes to cut down on machining steps. Avoid unnecessary curves, tiny features, or overcomplicating structures—ask: Does this detail serve a critical function?Also, design for material efficiency. For example, combining two small parts into one larger piece reduces assembly time and material waste.2. Choose the Right Material Balance performance and cost. If a part doesn’t need aerospace-grade titanium, try a cheaper alternative with similar properties (e.g., aluminum alloys for non-critical components).Buy in bulk or use standard-sized materials—custom cuts or rare sizes often come with premiums.3. Order in Larger Volumes If your project allows, scale up production. As we saw earlier, bulk orders lower the per-piece cost by spreading fixed costs across more units.4. Partner with Experienced Suppliers A skilled manufacturer can optimize tool paths, reduce setup time, and avoid errors—saving you money. Look for suppliers with advanced equipment, a track record of efficiency, and transparent pricing.5. Plan for Long-Term Partnerships Building a long-term relationship with a supplier often leads to better rates, priority scheduling, and tailored cost-saving solutions (e.g., bulk material discounts).



Final Thoughts



CNC machining costs depend on materials, complexity, precision, volume, and machinery—but with the right strategies, you can keep expenses manageable. Whether you need a single prototype or 10,000 production parts, the key is to align your design and volume with your budget.If you’re ready to get a custom quote, reach out to us. Our team uses state-of-the-art CNC machines and decades of experience to deliver accurate, cost-effective parts—on time, every time. Share your part drawings and requirements, and we’ll craft a detailed, transparent estimate tailored to your project.Let’s make your next project a success—contact us today!